Optimal. Leaf size=160 \[ -\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{2 d x^2}+\frac {e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^2 x}+\frac {e \sqrt {c d^2+a e^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {a e-c d x}{\sqrt {c d^2+a e^2} \sqrt {a+c x^2}}\right )}{d^3}-\frac {c \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} d}-\frac {\sqrt {a} e^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{d^3} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.14, antiderivative size = 160, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 19, number of rules used = 12, integrand size = 22, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.546, Rules used = {975, 272, 43,
65, 214, 283, 223, 212, 52, 749, 858, 739} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {a} e^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{d^3}+\frac {e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^2 x}+\frac {e \sqrt {a e^2+c d^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {a e-c d x}{\sqrt {a+c x^2} \sqrt {a e^2+c d^2}}\right )}{d^3}-\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{2 d x^2}-\frac {c \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} d} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 43
Rule 52
Rule 65
Rule 212
Rule 214
Rule 223
Rule 272
Rule 283
Rule 739
Rule 749
Rule 858
Rule 975
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{x^3 (d+e x)} \, dx &=\int \left (\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d x^3}-\frac {e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^2 x^2}+\frac {e^2 \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^3 x}-\frac {e^3 \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^3 (d+e x)}\right ) \, dx\\ &=\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{x^3} \, dx}{d}-\frac {e \int \frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{x^2} \, dx}{d^2}+\frac {e^2 \int \frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{x} \, dx}{d^3}-\frac {e^3 \int \frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d+e x} \, dx}{d^3}\\ &=-\frac {e^2 \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^3}+\frac {e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^2 x}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {a+c x}}{x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 d}-\frac {(c e) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+c x^2}} \, dx}{d^2}+\frac {e^2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {a+c x}}{x} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 d^3}-\frac {e^2 \int \frac {a e-c d x}{(d+e x) \sqrt {a+c x^2}} \, dx}{d^3}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{2 d x^2}+\frac {e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^2 x}+\frac {c \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {a+c x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 d}+\frac {(c e) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+c x^2}} \, dx}{d^2}-\frac {(c e) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-c x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {a+c x^2}}\right )}{d^2}+\frac {\left (a e^2\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {a+c x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 d^3}-\frac {\left (e \left (c d^2+a e^2\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{(d+e x) \sqrt {a+c x^2}} \, dx}{d^3}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{2 d x^2}+\frac {e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^2 x}-\frac {\sqrt {c} e \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {a+c x^2}}\right )}{d^2}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-\frac {a}{c}+\frac {x^2}{c}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {a+c x^2}\right )}{2 d}+\frac {(c e) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-c x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {a+c x^2}}\right )}{d^2}+\frac {\left (a e^2\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-\frac {a}{c}+\frac {x^2}{c}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {a+c x^2}\right )}{c d^3}+\frac {\left (e \left (c d^2+a e^2\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{c d^2+a e^2-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {a e-c d x}{\sqrt {a+c x^2}}\right )}{d^3}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{2 d x^2}+\frac {e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{d^2 x}+\frac {e \sqrt {c d^2+a e^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {a e-c d x}{\sqrt {c d^2+a e^2} \sqrt {a+c x^2}}\right )}{d^3}-\frac {c \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} d}-\frac {\sqrt {a} e^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{d^3}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.44, size = 144, normalized size = 0.90 \begin {gather*} \frac {\frac {d (-d+2 e x) \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{x^2}-4 e \sqrt {-c d^2-a e^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c} (d+e x)-e \sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {-c d^2-a e^2}}\right )+\frac {2 \left (c d^2+2 a e^2\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c} x-\sqrt {a+c x^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a}}}{2 d^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(441\) vs.
\(2(134)=268\).
time = 0.09, size = 442, normalized size = 2.76
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (-2 e x +d \right )}{2 d^{2} x^{2}}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {\frac {2 a \,e^{2}+2 c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+2 \sqrt {\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}\, \sqrt {c \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}}{x +\frac {d}{e}}\right ) a \,e^{2}}{d^{3} \sqrt {\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {\frac {2 a \,e^{2}+2 c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+2 \sqrt {\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}\, \sqrt {c \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}}{x +\frac {d}{e}}\right ) c}{d \sqrt {\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}}-\frac {\sqrt {a}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 a +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}}{x}\right ) e^{2}}{d^{3}}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {2 a +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}}{x}\right ) c}{2 d \sqrt {a}}\) | \(346\) |
default | \(-\frac {e^{2} \left (\sqrt {c \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, d \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {c d}{e}+c \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{\sqrt {c}}+\sqrt {c \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}\right )}{e}-\frac {\left (a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}\right ) \ln \left (\frac {\frac {2 a \,e^{2}+2 c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+2 \sqrt {\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}\, \sqrt {c \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 c d \left (x +\frac {d}{e}\right )}{e}+\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}}{x +\frac {d}{e}}\right )}{e^{2} \sqrt {\frac {a \,e^{2}+c \,d^{2}}{e^{2}}}}\right )}{d^{3}}+\frac {-\frac {\left (c \,x^{2}+a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{2 a \,x^{2}}+\frac {c \left (\sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}-\sqrt {a}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 a +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}}{x}\right )\right )}{2 a}}{d}-\frac {e \left (-\frac {\left (c \,x^{2}+a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{a x}+\frac {2 c \left (\frac {x \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}}{2}+\frac {a \ln \left (x \sqrt {c}+\sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}\right )}{2 \sqrt {c}}\right )}{a}\right )}{d^{2}}+\frac {e^{2} \left (\sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}-\sqrt {a}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 a +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+a}}{x}\right )\right )}{d^{3}}\) | \(442\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 2.61, size = 737, normalized size = 4.61 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {2 \, \sqrt {c d^{2} + a e^{2}} a x^{2} e \log \left (-\frac {2 \, c^{2} d^{2} x^{2} - 2 \, a c d x e + a c d^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {c d^{2} + a e^{2}} {\left (c d x - a e\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a} + {\left (a c x^{2} + 2 \, a^{2}\right )} e^{2}}{x^{2} e^{2} + 2 \, d x e + d^{2}}\right ) + {\left (c d^{2} x^{2} + 2 \, a x^{2} e^{2}\right )} \sqrt {a} \log \left (-\frac {c x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {c x^{2} + a} \sqrt {a} + 2 \, a}{x^{2}}\right ) + 2 \, {\left (2 \, a d x e - a d^{2}\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}{4 \, a d^{3} x^{2}}, -\frac {4 \, \sqrt {-c d^{2} - a e^{2}} a x^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {-c d^{2} - a e^{2}} {\left (c d x - a e\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}{c^{2} d^{2} x^{2} + a c d^{2} + {\left (a c x^{2} + a^{2}\right )} e^{2}}\right ) e - {\left (c d^{2} x^{2} + 2 \, a x^{2} e^{2}\right )} \sqrt {a} \log \left (-\frac {c x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {c x^{2} + a} \sqrt {a} + 2 \, a}{x^{2}}\right ) - 2 \, {\left (2 \, a d x e - a d^{2}\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}{4 \, a d^{3} x^{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {c d^{2} + a e^{2}} a x^{2} e \log \left (-\frac {2 \, c^{2} d^{2} x^{2} - 2 \, a c d x e + a c d^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {c d^{2} + a e^{2}} {\left (c d x - a e\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a} + {\left (a c x^{2} + 2 \, a^{2}\right )} e^{2}}{x^{2} e^{2} + 2 \, d x e + d^{2}}\right ) + {\left (c d^{2} x^{2} + 2 \, a x^{2} e^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-a} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-a}}{\sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}\right ) + {\left (2 \, a d x e - a d^{2}\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}{2 \, a d^{3} x^{2}}, -\frac {2 \, \sqrt {-c d^{2} - a e^{2}} a x^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {-c d^{2} - a e^{2}} {\left (c d x - a e\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}{c^{2} d^{2} x^{2} + a c d^{2} + {\left (a c x^{2} + a^{2}\right )} e^{2}}\right ) e - {\left (c d^{2} x^{2} + 2 \, a x^{2} e^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-a} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-a}}{\sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}\right ) - {\left (2 \, a d x e - a d^{2}\right )} \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}{2 \, a d^{3} x^{2}}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt {a + c x^{2}}}{x^{3} \left (d + e x\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 1.01, size = 230, normalized size = 1.44 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \, {\left (c d^{2} e + a e^{3}\right )} \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (\sqrt {c} x - \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}\right )} e + \sqrt {c} d}{\sqrt {-c d^{2} - a e^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-c d^{2} - a e^{2}} d^{3}} + \frac {{\left (c d^{2} + 2 \, a e^{2}\right )} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {c} x - \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}}{\sqrt {-a}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a} d^{3}} + \frac {{\left (\sqrt {c} x - \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}\right )}^{3} c d - 2 \, {\left (\sqrt {c} x - \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}\right )}^{2} a \sqrt {c} e + {\left (\sqrt {c} x - \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}\right )} a c d + 2 \, a^{2} \sqrt {c} e}{{\left ({\left (\sqrt {c} x - \sqrt {c x^{2} + a}\right )}^{2} - a\right )}^{2} d^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt {c\,x^2+a}}{x^3\,\left (d+e\,x\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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